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Added: Jul 20, 2008

Duration: 9:35

7th Century The Kurds are conquered by the Arabs, beginning centuries of living under the rule of others. Their land is later occupied by the Seljuk Turks, the Mongols, the Safavid dynasty, and, beginning in the late 13th century, the Ottoman Empire. 1920 At the conclusion of World War I, the Ottoman Empire collapses. The Treaty of Sèvres proposes a division of the Ottoman Empire and its territory that includes an autonomous homeland for the Kurds. The treaty, however, is ultimately rejected. 1923 Turkey is recognized as an independent nation, and the Treaty of Lausanne is signed, replacing the Treaty of Sèvres. Under its terms, Turkey is no longer obligated to grant Kurdish autonomy. The treaty divides the Kurdish region among Turkey, Iraq, and Syria. 1925 A Kurdish uprising against the new Turkish Republic is suppressed. 1946 Iranian Kurds set up the short-lived Mahabad Republic with Soviet backing. It is swiftly crushed by Iran. The Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) is founded by Iraqi Kurd Mustafa Barzani, and is dedicated to the creation of an independent Kurdistan. 1961 The Kurds of northern Iraq, led by Mustafa Barzani, leader of the Kurdish Democratic Party, revolt against the government of Abdul Karim Kassem. Iraq puts down the Kurdish revolt, and fighting between the Iraqi government and the Kurds continues for decades. 1970 A peace agreement is signed between the Iraqi government and the Kurds of northern Iraq, granting them some self-rule. 1974 The KDP attacks Iraqi troops after the government refuses to give them control of the oil-rich province of Kirkuk, which was traditionally Kurdish territory. The government suppresses the crushes the revolt. 1975 Jalal Talabani, leader of the Kurdish Democratic Party (KDP), leaves to found the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK). The two groups begin decades of conflict. 1978 In Turkey, Abdullah Ocalan helps to create the Kurdistan Workers Party, or PKK, to seek Kurdish independence. He assumes leadership of the leftist organization. 1979 Iran's Islamic revolution sparks a Kurdish revolt in Iran that is then quickly suppressed by Iran. 1984 On August 15, under Ocalan's direction, the PKK turns to armed struggle. Thousands of Kurds in southeast Turkey join the cause, fuelled by nationalism and dissatisfaction with living conditions. 1988 Iraq retaliates against the Kurds for supporting Iran during the Iran-Iraq war, and through the "al-Anfal" ("spoils of war") campaign, slaughters thousands of civilians and uproots 1.5 million from their homes. Thousands flee to Turkey. 1991 After the Persian Gulf War, Iraq's Kurds rise up against Saddam Hussein, encouraged by the United States. Iraq quashes the rebellions, killing thousands. The U.N. coalition forces do not come to the aid of the Kurds, but eventually establish a no-fly zone in the north for their protection. Iraqi Kurds now control a 15,000-square-mile autonomous region in Northern Iraq populated by 7 million Kurds.

Channel: News

Tags: apo ari barzani gechichte herki history jalal kurden kurdish kurdistan line mam peace politic power serok talebani time